Thomas smith



No Model.

VENTILATOR AND SMITH.

SMOKE BELL FOR LAMPS.

Patented Feb. 15,1887.

NiTnD STATES yPATENTA OFFICEJ THOMAS SMITH, OF NEV YORK, N. Y.

VENTILATOR AND SMOKE-BELL FOR LAMPS.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 357,736, dated February 15, 1887.

Application filed October $23, 1885. Serial No. 150,744. (Nomodel.)

.To @ZZ whom it 77mg concern:

Be it known that I, THOMAS SMITH, a citizen of the United States, residing at NewYork, in the county and State of New York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Ventilators and Smoke-I ells for Lamps, of which the following is a specification.

While my invention relates more part-icularlyto a construction designed for nsein connection with lamps on railroad-cars and in steamboats, the saine may be used to ad vantage whenever it is desirable to have means for conveying away the smoke and products of combustion and to secure increased ventilation.

My invention consists of a construction which affords an air-chamber around the main smoke pipe or opening above the lamp,which chamber is provided with a direct connection with the atmosphere within the car or room where the lamp is placed, said chamber at its upper end extending above the car or without the room.

I am aware that openings have been employed designed to carry off the smoke and gases from lamps when the size of the lamp or the coniined position in which the same is used have made such requirement desirable or essential. An ordinary opening, however;l without having in connection therewith any means for increasing the outward current of air, only partially attains the desired end. By the use of an outer air-chamber in connection with said central opening I am enabled to so increase the outward current above the lamp as to not only carry off in a highly successful manner the smoke, gases, and products of combustion, but I, in addition, secure an atmospheric circulation, which, more particularly in railway-cars,aids materially in affording increased general ventilation to the car.

Myinvention therefore consists, essentially, in the combination, with a central opening or passage-way placed above alamp and extending from within to without the car or room, of an outer or surrounding air-chamber likewise connected with the interior and extending without the car or room.

Ihave illustrated my invention by the accompanying drawings, in which Figure l is an elevation of my improved ventilator and smoke-bell, showing the same secured to asection ofthe ceiling of a railway-car. Fie. 2 is a cross section of my improved device when in like positiomshowing the interior construction.

Like letters refer to like parts throughout the several views.

A indicates the ceiling of the car.

B indicates an ordinary smoke-bell, in the center ot' which is the cap a, which cap isplaced immediately below the pipe or opening C, which opening extends from said smoke-bell B up through the ceiling A and without or above the car or room.

As will be seen, the cap a is placed far enough below the pipe or opening C to permit the smoke and products of combustion to pass around and above said cap and within said pipe. I have shown said cap ct as held in position by means of small connecting-pieces of metal u n a, so shaped as to act as springs, the free ends of which pass within the lower end ofthe pipe O, in which position said springs hold said cap until they are compressed. The pipe O, as shown in my drawings, has openings d d d near the top ofthe same, which openings are protected from the outer elements and atmospheric influences by means ofthe hood K.

To further guard against atmospheric influences from without, I have shown a iiange, in, surrounding said pipe() beneath hood K. The outer chamber surrounding the smoke-bell B and pipe C, which chamber constitutes the principal element of my invention, I have indicated by fr. The lower openings into this outer chamber, r, I have indicated by s s s. It will be observed that the upper openings, d d d, connect with the outer chamber, r, as well as with the pipe or central opening, C.

The drawings show the method or manner of applying my improved smoke-bell and ventilator to the ceiling of a car. The parts indicated may be constructed of metal or any other suitable material, and may be secured in position in various ways.

The operation of my improved device is in brief as follows: The smoke, gases, and hot products coming from the lamp naturally ascend in the direction of the smoke-bell C, and of m0 their own accord have a tendency to pass upward through the connecting-pipe B, while theopenings s s s into the outer chamber, r, receive the smoke and gases not thus conveyed, together with the air-currents, which are accelerated and influenced by the action of the lamp-current, and cause the same to be discharged through openings l d d, above the ceiling of the car, beneath the outer hood, K. It is Well known that any current has a tendency to exert an influence in the direction 'of its motion. The upward course of the smoke and hot gases from the lamp, therefore, tend to draw the air within the car or room in the same direction; but in this respect such influence is only partially effective, and there is an imperfect commingling of the products Ofcombustion with the confined air within the car or room. rlhe openings s s s, communicating into the surrounding chamber r, act to receive any remaining products from the lampburners, as well as the currents ot' air from within the car, thus affording an independent means of ventilation, by which the heated air which rises to the ceiling of the car is permitted to escape.

A single central opening only partially con- Veys away the smoke and gases from the lamp, and the outer chamber acts to receive so much thereof as not thus conveyed.

It will be found that the action of an outer chamber of this description, when used in connection with a central smoke and ventilation pipe, affords a most desirable and successful means of increased ventilation.

lf the smoke-bell were made of'sufficient size to carry off the products of combustion and also to ventilate the car, the draft passing through the smoke-bell would be so great as to interfere with the lamp and produce great irregularity-in its combustion. The use of a separate Ventilating-passage about the smoke bell overcomes this difficulty, si nceitproduces apassage-way for Ventilating purposes to one side of the draft passage-way for the products of combustion, while at the same time the natural action and operation ofthe latter passage stimulates that of the former.

lt is a further great advantage of my imf proved construction that it permits the smokebell to be placed completely within the roof ofthe car, instead of below it, as has been here` tofore usual. The Ventilating-chamber about the smoke-bell keeps the latter cool, prevent ing the danger of tire, which makes it impossible to set the ordinary construction of smokebell into the car-roof. This construction permits the lamp to be raised about four inches, saving this amount of space, which isa matter of great importance in car construction.

It is a well-known fact that, particularly in railway-cars used for sleeping purposes, and also in ordinary coaches used for night travel, the atmosphere in the upper portion of the car becomes highly obnoxious. The construction which I have invented and described affords such increased facilities for ventilation as to operate to a very great extent in conveying off from the upper portion of the car all of such impure and obnoxious air and gases as have arisen and are there confined.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-

l. In a lamp, the combination of `an open smoke-bell and an air-chamber surrounding the same and communicating freely with the air of the room in which the lamp is placed, and also with the exit-passage for the discharge of the products of combustion, substantially as described and shown.

v2. The combination of the open smoke-bell B and the air-chamber r, surrounding the same, the base of said air-chamber r being perforated and inclined upwardly and inwardly toward the interior of the smoke-bell, the said airchamber having also free connection with the exitepipe for the discharge of the products of combustion, substantially as described and shown.

3. In a car-lamp, the combination ofan open smoke bell for the same set entirely into the car-roof, and an air-chamber surrounding the smoke-bell and communicating freely with the air of the car and the air of the exit-pipe for the products of combustion, substantially as described and shown.

THOMAS SMITH.

Vitnesses:

FREDERICK O. GOODWIN, E. L. HUBER. 

